During what phase can chromosomes be seen as condensed structures under a light microscope?

Chromosomes can be seen as condensed structures under a light microscope during cell division. This is because, as cells prepare to divide, the chromatin, which is a loosely organized form of DNA, condenses into distinct chromosomes. This condensation makes the chromosomes more visible and easier to observe under a microscope.

During the key phases of cell division—namely, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase—chromosomes are highly organized and can be clearly distinguished. In contrast, during interphase, which includes phases like G1, S (synthesis), and G2, the DNA is in a more relaxed state, making it difficult to visualize as individual chromosomes. Only during cell division do we see this distinct condensation and separation of chromosomes, allowing for proper segregation into daughter cells.