What role do cilia serve in epithelial cells of the lungs?

Cilia in the epithelial cells of the lungs play a crucial role in the respiratory system, primarily by moving mucus out of the lungs. These tiny, hair-like structures line the respiratory tract and work in coordination to transport mucus that traps dust, pathogens, and other particles away from the lungs and toward the throat. This movement helps to clear debris and protect the airways from infection and irritation, ensuring that the respiratory system functions efficiently.

The effectiveness of this mechanism is vital for maintaining healthy lung function, as it prevents the accumulation of harmful substances within the airways. The coordinated beating of cilia, often referred to as the "mucociliary escalator," helps to maintain a clear passage for air and facilitates the removal of unwanted materials from the respiratory tract.